Origins of Modern Art
In the second half of the 19th cent. painters began to revolt against the classic codes of composition, careful execution, harmonious coloring, and heroic subject matter. Patronage by the church and state sharply declined at the same time that artists' views became more independent and subjective. Such artists as Courbet, Corot and others of the Barbizon School, Manet, Degas, and Toulouse-Lautrec chose to paint scenes of ordinary daily and nocturnal life that often offended the sense of decorum of their contemporaries.
Impressionism
Monet, Renoir, and Pissarro, the great masters of impressionism, painted café and city life, as well as landscapes, working most often directly from nature and using new modes of representation. While art had always been to a certain extent abstract in that formal considerations had frequently been of primary importance, painters, beginning with the impressionists in the 1870s, took new delight in freedom of brushwork. They made random spots of color and encrusted the canvas with strokes that did not always correspond to the object that they were depicting but that formed coherent internal relationships. Thus began a definite separation of the image and the subject. The impressionists exploited the range of the color spectrum, directly applying strokes of pure pigment to the canvas rather than mixing colors on the palette. In sculpture, dynamic forms and variations of impressionism were created by Rodin, Renoir, Degas, and the Italian Medardo Rosso.
Nineteenth-Century Painting after Impressionism
In the 1880s, Seurat and Signac developed the more detailed and systematic approach of neoimpressionism, while Van Gogh and Gauguin, using bold masses, gave to color an unprecedented excitement and emotional intensity (see postimpressionism). At the same time, Cézanne painted subtler nuances of tone and sought to achieve greater structural clarity. Flouting the laws of perspective, he extracted geometrical forms from nature and created radically new spatial patterns in his landscapes and still lifes. Other important innovations of the late 19th cent. can be seen in the starkly expressionistic paintings of the Norwegian Edvard Munch and the vivid fantasies of the Belgian James Ensor. In the 1890s the Nabis developed pictorial ideas from Gauguin, while sinuous linear decorations were produced throughout Europe by the designers of art nouveau.
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Monday, January 24, 2011
modern arts
MODERN ART
1900'S - Present
What is Modern Art? The definition of "modern" is " of the present or recent times." To apply the term modern to art work now is confusing. Did not artists of the Renaissance apply modern to their work as well? To label the current period of art as Modern Art we can look to the attitudes and characteristics of our modern world and what art means to artist and its viewers today. Modern Art can be viewed as a rapid and radical art style with many variations. Technology brought change to society along with a differing attitude towards art. In older times artists were commissioned by churches or wealthy families, but our times brought about a change that had artists doing "art for art's sake." With the ongoing wars and political upheaval artists found an escape with art. Artists wanted to provide a longer lasting escape from all the world's problems. American artists of this time period were finally recognized as competitive artists and brought the art world looking at art from America.
Art now became a movement into a world of color and expression, a world where an apple is only a blotch of red pigment or a toilet is a work of art, leaving more than a few people wondering what can be considered art.
Styles
* Expressionism: Any art that stresses the artist's emotional and psychological expression, often with bold colors and distortions of form. Specifically and art style of the early 20th century followed principally by certain German artists.
* Impressionism: An art movement which took its name from one particular painting by Claude Monet, Impression: Sunrise of 1872. Arising out of the naturalism of the Realists, as well as an interest in the transitory experience of light and color on objects, Impressionism did two distinct things to painting: it elevated color to the status of subject matter, liberating the artist's marks from previous craft constraints, and it inadvertently asserted painting's relationship to the flat surface.
* Formalism: The aesthetic arrangement of shapes, colors, and forms . (The formal elements of art)
* Cubism: The first art movement of the 20th century systematically to reconsider the conventions of painting since the Renaissance. Such work is epitomized by the severe flattening of the space across the picture plane, a consistently inconsistentlight source, and an imploding of the traditional fore-, middle and background areas in painting composition.
* Surrealism: A literary and visual art movement interested in unleashing and exploring the potential of the human psyche. Loosely based on both Freud's and Jung's investigations into the mind, it is also direct heir of earlier Dada strategies of unlocking of the unconscious by the use of chance.
* Pop Art: (Popular Culture)- The elements of society that are recognized by the general public. Popular Culture has the associations of something cheap, fleeting and accessible to all.
* Abstract Expressionism: A common appelation for the first generation American abstract painting after the Second World War, due to the primary of gesture and color while keeping consistent with the aims of formalism (the all-over application of paint and the dispersal of depth across the surface of the picture plane).
Mediums
* Paintings
* Drawings
* Prints
* Photography
* Performance Art
* Architecture
Artists
* Salvador Dali
* Andy Warhol
* Georgia O'Keeffe
* Monet
* Picasso
* Vincent Van Gogh
* Christo
Websites to Visit
* The Andy Warhol Museum
* The Andy Warhol Page
* The Salvador Dali Museum
* St. Petersburg Salvador Online Museum
* Georgia O'Keeffe Gallery
* Christo & Jeanne-Claude Home Page
* Monet in the 20th Century
* On-line Picasso Project
* Vincent Van Gogh Information Gallery
Bibliography
Gilbert, Rita. Living with Art, 3rd Edition. McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1992.
Kissick, John. Art Context and Crticism. Brown & Benchmark, 1993.
1900'S - Present
What is Modern Art? The definition of "modern" is " of the present or recent times." To apply the term modern to art work now is confusing. Did not artists of the Renaissance apply modern to their work as well? To label the current period of art as Modern Art we can look to the attitudes and characteristics of our modern world and what art means to artist and its viewers today. Modern Art can be viewed as a rapid and radical art style with many variations. Technology brought change to society along with a differing attitude towards art. In older times artists were commissioned by churches or wealthy families, but our times brought about a change that had artists doing "art for art's sake." With the ongoing wars and political upheaval artists found an escape with art. Artists wanted to provide a longer lasting escape from all the world's problems. American artists of this time period were finally recognized as competitive artists and brought the art world looking at art from America.
Art now became a movement into a world of color and expression, a world where an apple is only a blotch of red pigment or a toilet is a work of art, leaving more than a few people wondering what can be considered art.
Styles
* Expressionism: Any art that stresses the artist's emotional and psychological expression, often with bold colors and distortions of form. Specifically and art style of the early 20th century followed principally by certain German artists.
* Impressionism: An art movement which took its name from one particular painting by Claude Monet, Impression: Sunrise of 1872. Arising out of the naturalism of the Realists, as well as an interest in the transitory experience of light and color on objects, Impressionism did two distinct things to painting: it elevated color to the status of subject matter, liberating the artist's marks from previous craft constraints, and it inadvertently asserted painting's relationship to the flat surface.
* Formalism: The aesthetic arrangement of shapes, colors, and forms . (The formal elements of art)
* Cubism: The first art movement of the 20th century systematically to reconsider the conventions of painting since the Renaissance. Such work is epitomized by the severe flattening of the space across the picture plane, a consistently inconsistentlight source, and an imploding of the traditional fore-, middle and background areas in painting composition.
* Surrealism: A literary and visual art movement interested in unleashing and exploring the potential of the human psyche. Loosely based on both Freud's and Jung's investigations into the mind, it is also direct heir of earlier Dada strategies of unlocking of the unconscious by the use of chance.
* Pop Art: (Popular Culture)- The elements of society that are recognized by the general public. Popular Culture has the associations of something cheap, fleeting and accessible to all.
* Abstract Expressionism: A common appelation for the first generation American abstract painting after the Second World War, due to the primary of gesture and color while keeping consistent with the aims of formalism (the all-over application of paint and the dispersal of depth across the surface of the picture plane).
Mediums
* Paintings
* Drawings
* Prints
* Photography
* Performance Art
* Architecture
Artists
* Salvador Dali
* Andy Warhol
* Georgia O'Keeffe
* Monet
* Picasso
* Vincent Van Gogh
* Christo
Websites to Visit
* The Andy Warhol Museum
* The Andy Warhol Page
* The Salvador Dali Museum
* St. Petersburg Salvador Online Museum
* Georgia O'Keeffe Gallery
* Christo & Jeanne-Claude Home Page
* Monet in the 20th Century
* On-line Picasso Project
* Vincent Van Gogh Information Gallery
Bibliography
Gilbert, Rita. Living with Art, 3rd Edition. McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1992.
Kissick, John. Art Context and Crticism. Brown & Benchmark, 1993.
modern arts
MODERN ART
1900'S - Present
What is Modern Art? The definition of "modern" is " of the present or recent times." To apply the term modern to art work now is confusing. Did not artists of the Renaissance apply modern to their work as well? To label the current period of art as Modern Art we can look to the attitudes and characteristics of our modern world and what art means to artist and its viewers today. Modern Art can be viewed as a rapid and radical art style with many variations. Technology brought change to society along with a differing attitude towards art. In older times artists were commissioned by churches or wealthy families, but our times brought about a change that had artists doing "art for art's sake." With the ongoing wars and political upheaval artists found an escape with art. Artists wanted to provide a longer lasting escape from all the world's problems. American artists of this time period were finally recognized as competitive artists and brought the art world looking at art from America.
Art now became a movement into a world of color and expression, a world where an apple is only a blotch of red pigment or a toilet is a work of art, leaving more than a few people wondering what can be considered art.
Styles
* Expressionism: Any art that stresses the artist's emotional and psychological expression, often with bold colors and distortions of form. Specifically and art style of the early 20th century followed principally by certain German artists.
* Impressionism: An art movement which took its name from one particular painting by Claude Monet, Impression: Sunrise of 1872. Arising out of the naturalism of the Realists, as well as an interest in the transitory experience of light and color on objects, Impressionism did two distinct things to painting: it elevated color to the status of subject matter, liberating the artist's marks from previous craft constraints, and it inadvertently asserted painting's relationship to the flat surface.
* Formalism: The aesthetic arrangement of shapes, colors, and forms . (The formal elements of art)
* Cubism: The first art movement of the 20th century systematically to reconsider the conventions of painting since the Renaissance. Such work is epitomized by the severe flattening of the space across the picture plane, a consistently inconsistentlight source, and an imploding of the traditional fore-, middle and background areas in painting composition.
* Surrealism: A literary and visual art movement interested in unleashing and exploring the potential of the human psyche. Loosely based on both Freud's and Jung's investigations into the mind, it is also direct heir of earlier Dada strategies of unlocking of the unconscious by the use of chance.
* Pop Art: (Popular Culture)- The elements of society that are recognized by the general public. Popular Culture has the associations of something cheap, fleeting and accessible to all.
* Abstract Expressionism: A common appelation for the first generation American abstract painting after the Second World War, due to the primary of gesture and color while keeping consistent with the aims of formalism (the all-over application of paint and the dispersal of depth across the surface of the picture plane).
Mediums
* Paintings
* Drawings
* Prints
* Photography
* Performance Art
* Architecture
Artists
* Salvador Dali
* Andy Warhol
* Georgia O'Keeffe
* Monet
* Picasso
* Vincent Van Gogh
* Christo
Websites to Visit
* The Andy Warhol Museum
* The Andy Warhol Page
* The Salvador Dali Museum
* St. Petersburg Salvador Online Museum
* Georgia O'Keeffe Gallery
* Christo & Jeanne-Claude Home Page
* Monet in the 20th Century
* On-line Picasso Project
* Vincent Van Gogh Information Gallery
Bibliography
Gilbert, Rita. Living with Art, 3rd Edition. McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1992.
Kissick, John. Art Context and Crticism. Brown & Benchmark, 1993.
1900'S - Present
What is Modern Art? The definition of "modern" is " of the present or recent times." To apply the term modern to art work now is confusing. Did not artists of the Renaissance apply modern to their work as well? To label the current period of art as Modern Art we can look to the attitudes and characteristics of our modern world and what art means to artist and its viewers today. Modern Art can be viewed as a rapid and radical art style with many variations. Technology brought change to society along with a differing attitude towards art. In older times artists were commissioned by churches or wealthy families, but our times brought about a change that had artists doing "art for art's sake." With the ongoing wars and political upheaval artists found an escape with art. Artists wanted to provide a longer lasting escape from all the world's problems. American artists of this time period were finally recognized as competitive artists and brought the art world looking at art from America.
Art now became a movement into a world of color and expression, a world where an apple is only a blotch of red pigment or a toilet is a work of art, leaving more than a few people wondering what can be considered art.
Styles
* Expressionism: Any art that stresses the artist's emotional and psychological expression, often with bold colors and distortions of form. Specifically and art style of the early 20th century followed principally by certain German artists.
* Impressionism: An art movement which took its name from one particular painting by Claude Monet, Impression: Sunrise of 1872. Arising out of the naturalism of the Realists, as well as an interest in the transitory experience of light and color on objects, Impressionism did two distinct things to painting: it elevated color to the status of subject matter, liberating the artist's marks from previous craft constraints, and it inadvertently asserted painting's relationship to the flat surface.
* Formalism: The aesthetic arrangement of shapes, colors, and forms . (The formal elements of art)
* Cubism: The first art movement of the 20th century systematically to reconsider the conventions of painting since the Renaissance. Such work is epitomized by the severe flattening of the space across the picture plane, a consistently inconsistentlight source, and an imploding of the traditional fore-, middle and background areas in painting composition.
* Surrealism: A literary and visual art movement interested in unleashing and exploring the potential of the human psyche. Loosely based on both Freud's and Jung's investigations into the mind, it is also direct heir of earlier Dada strategies of unlocking of the unconscious by the use of chance.
* Pop Art: (Popular Culture)- The elements of society that are recognized by the general public. Popular Culture has the associations of something cheap, fleeting and accessible to all.
* Abstract Expressionism: A common appelation for the first generation American abstract painting after the Second World War, due to the primary of gesture and color while keeping consistent with the aims of formalism (the all-over application of paint and the dispersal of depth across the surface of the picture plane).
Mediums
* Paintings
* Drawings
* Prints
* Photography
* Performance Art
* Architecture
Artists
* Salvador Dali
* Andy Warhol
* Georgia O'Keeffe
* Monet
* Picasso
* Vincent Van Gogh
* Christo
Websites to Visit
* The Andy Warhol Museum
* The Andy Warhol Page
* The Salvador Dali Museum
* St. Petersburg Salvador Online Museum
* Georgia O'Keeffe Gallery
* Christo & Jeanne-Claude Home Page
* Monet in the 20th Century
* On-line Picasso Project
* Vincent Van Gogh Information Gallery
Bibliography
Gilbert, Rita. Living with Art, 3rd Edition. McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1992.
Kissick, John. Art Context and Crticism. Brown & Benchmark, 1993.
modern art
Modern Art Styles
The sheer diversity of contemporary fine art can be both overwhelming and exhilarating. Modern fine art prints range from the simple lines of pop, asian and comic art to the exuberance of abstract, psychedelic, surrealist and digital art. Whether you choose an abstract image with surrealist overtones, or comic based pop art with digital psychedelic images, or a calm asian image, modern art pictures deliver the full range of styles, from delicate or ecstatic. They can bring new life to your home in the form of fabulous posters.
As you explore the range of fine art images available to you in the form of beautiful posters, you will discover that different modern artists and mediums speak to you. Keep track of these experiences. Does Picasso's abstract artwork intrigue you? Do you love the cool feel of pop, comic and psychedelic art? Does Jackson Pollock's large abstract artwork move you? Does surrealist art speak to yout thinking mind? Are you especially interested in asian artists of the 20th century, or do you just love anything produced by digital means?
Our beautiful prints can satisfy these interests and will help deepen your appreciation of the variety and wonder of modern images. Taking time to browse beautiful pictures without the distractions of a crowded gallery or dealer is a pleasure. Enjoy!
Modern Art Styles Related Articles
* Asian Art: Beautiful, Sleek and Modern
Often when building a collection, our minds turn to famous artists whose works, though beautiful, are too familiar. Exploring the artwork of a differ...
* Comic Art is the cutting edge of Cool Contemporary Art
If you are interested in modern fine art that weaves a great story, consider buying comic artwork. This genre has slowly grown in popularity, with co...
* For Cool Images look no further than Op Art
Have you ever been fascinated by fine art that seems three-dimensional? Have M.C. Escher's cool labyrinthine drawings ever amazed you? Are you a fan...
* The Bold and Striking Images of Haida Art
Indigenous art throughout the world has received much attention and respect in recent decades. For example, abstract aboriginal works from Australia,...
* Modern Art's most striking Images: Abstract Expressionism
When we begin to collect art prints, it is natural to want the most exciting and captivating artwork and many of us look to surrealist art. The image...
* Surrealist Art: Contemporary and Creative
It is exciting to experience the challenging power of creative contemporary art. However, truly challenging artwork can be difficult to find! Surreal...
* The Erotic Art of Desire in Modern Art images
Erotic artwork is not necessarily about the nude body, nor is it necessarily sexual. Rather, contemporary artistic eroticism is largely about desire,...
* Modernism and Nude Art Images
Have you ever been struck by the sensitivity of classical nude paintings, or amazed by Rubens' erotic nude sculptures? Have you seen a surrealist nude...
* Fantasy Art is a Cool Creative Art
The creative artwork we now call fantasy art has an old history, including 19th century pictures of fairies and mythic figures like the dragon. With ...
* Dramatic Images from the Culture of Dragon Art
Dragon art has a wonderful history. Perhaps the most famous such artworks before the 20th century are medieval christian depictions of St. George, th...
* The Most Original Contemporary Art is Abstract Art
If you are curious about abstract images but have found them inaccessible or difficult to imagine owning, take time to explore this website. Througho...
* Original Pop Art: from Warhol to Lichtenstein
If you are excited by cutting edge art that offers striking social commentary, you may find that Pop Art greatly appeals to you. It is an art, like p...
* Angel Art: Images to Enhance your Quality of Life
In the midst of modern lives that are full of competing demands on our time, we often need inspiration, relaxation and some fantasy and comfort to enh...
* The Sleek style and culture of Art Deco
Sometimes we desire creative art that reminds us of a particular culture or place and that evokes a period's mood and aspirations. Some of us turn to...
* The Vibrant World of Aboriginal Artwork
Art that introduces us to new worlds is always compelling. If we limit our art buying to European artists, we risk stifling our own creative imaginat...
* Digital Art: Contemporary Art's Latest Images
You may be interested in the most cutting edge contemporary artwork in the world -- in the most beautiful of modern styles. Without question, digita...
* Black Art: Modern Artwork with Culture
While not always obvious, art is often political and makes a statement about our modern world. Many contemporary black artists have produced beautifu...
* Chinese Art: A Forgotten Modern Art Culture?
It can be difficult to remember that artistic change in the contemporary world was not restricted to European or North American modern culture. Rathe...
* Christian Art Images from the Modern Art movement
Are you are interested in the world of modern Christian artwork? The contemporary movement is full of examples that span surrealist, abstract, and bl...
* Vampire Art: a Complex World of Fantasy Art images
Are you interested in the stories that we use to express our fears and phobias? Are you intrigued by mythology and legend or dragon pictures? Are yo...
* Psychedelic Art: Cool and Contemporary Art
Artwork that challenges and excites us with exuberance and flare can be difficult to find. A lot of images seems too reserved for those of us who wan...
The sheer diversity of contemporary fine art can be both overwhelming and exhilarating. Modern fine art prints range from the simple lines of pop, asian and comic art to the exuberance of abstract, psychedelic, surrealist and digital art. Whether you choose an abstract image with surrealist overtones, or comic based pop art with digital psychedelic images, or a calm asian image, modern art pictures deliver the full range of styles, from delicate or ecstatic. They can bring new life to your home in the form of fabulous posters.
As you explore the range of fine art images available to you in the form of beautiful posters, you will discover that different modern artists and mediums speak to you. Keep track of these experiences. Does Picasso's abstract artwork intrigue you? Do you love the cool feel of pop, comic and psychedelic art? Does Jackson Pollock's large abstract artwork move you? Does surrealist art speak to yout thinking mind? Are you especially interested in asian artists of the 20th century, or do you just love anything produced by digital means?
Our beautiful prints can satisfy these interests and will help deepen your appreciation of the variety and wonder of modern images. Taking time to browse beautiful pictures without the distractions of a crowded gallery or dealer is a pleasure. Enjoy!
Modern Art Styles Related Articles
* Asian Art: Beautiful, Sleek and Modern
Often when building a collection, our minds turn to famous artists whose works, though beautiful, are too familiar. Exploring the artwork of a differ...
* Comic Art is the cutting edge of Cool Contemporary Art
If you are interested in modern fine art that weaves a great story, consider buying comic artwork. This genre has slowly grown in popularity, with co...
* For Cool Images look no further than Op Art
Have you ever been fascinated by fine art that seems three-dimensional? Have M.C. Escher's cool labyrinthine drawings ever amazed you? Are you a fan...
* The Bold and Striking Images of Haida Art
Indigenous art throughout the world has received much attention and respect in recent decades. For example, abstract aboriginal works from Australia,...
* Modern Art's most striking Images: Abstract Expressionism
When we begin to collect art prints, it is natural to want the most exciting and captivating artwork and many of us look to surrealist art. The image...
* Surrealist Art: Contemporary and Creative
It is exciting to experience the challenging power of creative contemporary art. However, truly challenging artwork can be difficult to find! Surreal...
* The Erotic Art of Desire in Modern Art images
Erotic artwork is not necessarily about the nude body, nor is it necessarily sexual. Rather, contemporary artistic eroticism is largely about desire,...
* Modernism and Nude Art Images
Have you ever been struck by the sensitivity of classical nude paintings, or amazed by Rubens' erotic nude sculptures? Have you seen a surrealist nude...
* Fantasy Art is a Cool Creative Art
The creative artwork we now call fantasy art has an old history, including 19th century pictures of fairies and mythic figures like the dragon. With ...
* Dramatic Images from the Culture of Dragon Art
Dragon art has a wonderful history. Perhaps the most famous such artworks before the 20th century are medieval christian depictions of St. George, th...
* The Most Original Contemporary Art is Abstract Art
If you are curious about abstract images but have found them inaccessible or difficult to imagine owning, take time to explore this website. Througho...
* Original Pop Art: from Warhol to Lichtenstein
If you are excited by cutting edge art that offers striking social commentary, you may find that Pop Art greatly appeals to you. It is an art, like p...
* Angel Art: Images to Enhance your Quality of Life
In the midst of modern lives that are full of competing demands on our time, we often need inspiration, relaxation and some fantasy and comfort to enh...
* The Sleek style and culture of Art Deco
Sometimes we desire creative art that reminds us of a particular culture or place and that evokes a period's mood and aspirations. Some of us turn to...
* The Vibrant World of Aboriginal Artwork
Art that introduces us to new worlds is always compelling. If we limit our art buying to European artists, we risk stifling our own creative imaginat...
* Digital Art: Contemporary Art's Latest Images
You may be interested in the most cutting edge contemporary artwork in the world -- in the most beautiful of modern styles. Without question, digita...
* Black Art: Modern Artwork with Culture
While not always obvious, art is often political and makes a statement about our modern world. Many contemporary black artists have produced beautifu...
* Chinese Art: A Forgotten Modern Art Culture?
It can be difficult to remember that artistic change in the contemporary world was not restricted to European or North American modern culture. Rathe...
* Christian Art Images from the Modern Art movement
Are you are interested in the world of modern Christian artwork? The contemporary movement is full of examples that span surrealist, abstract, and bl...
* Vampire Art: a Complex World of Fantasy Art images
Are you interested in the stories that we use to express our fears and phobias? Are you intrigued by mythology and legend or dragon pictures? Are yo...
* Psychedelic Art: Cool and Contemporary Art
Artwork that challenges and excites us with exuberance and flare can be difficult to find. A lot of images seems too reserved for those of us who wan...
ikalawa
Ipinanganak si Escoda sa Dingras, Ilocos Norte. Siya ang pinakamatanda sa pitong mga anak nina Mercedes Madamba at Gabriel Llanes. Isa siyang balediktoryana sa mababang paaralan at salutatoryana sa mataas na paaralan sa Ilocos Norte. Nag-aral siya sa Paaralang Normal ng Pilipinas sa Maynila upang makamtan ang kanyang degri sa pagtuturo, at nagtapos ng may mga parangal noong 1919. Habang naghahanapbuhay bilang isang guro, nagkamit siya ng katibayan sa pagkaguro sa mataas na paaralan mula sa Pamantasan ng Pilipinas noong 1922.
Pagkaraan makatanggap ng katibayan sa pagkaguro, naging isa siyang manggagawang panlipunan para sa Kabanatang Pampilipinas ng Amerikanong Pulang Krus (isang kolonya ng Estados Unidos ang Pilipinas noong panahong iyon). Binigyan siya ng Pulang Krus ng isang iskolarsip sa Estados Unidos, kung saan nakapagkamit siya ng degring masteral sa Sosyolohiya.
Sa unang paglalakbay niya sa Estados Unidos, habang nasa Pandaigdigang Liga para sa Kapayapaan ng mga Kababaihan (Women's International League for Peace) noong 1925, nakatagpo niya si Antonio Escoda, isang reportero mula sa Tanggapan ng Pagpapahayag ng Pilipinas (Philippine Press Bureau) na pinakasalan niya sa paglaon. Nagkaroon sila ng dalawang mga anak, sina Maria Theresa at Antonio. Noong 1925 din, nakatanggap siya ng Degring Pang-master sa Gawaing Panlipunan mula sa Pamantasan ng Columbia.
[baguhin] Simulain ng Batang Babaeng Tagapagmanman ng Pilipinas
Nagbalik siya sa Estados Unidos noong 1933 upang sumailalim sa pagsasanay kaugnay ng Mga Batang Babaeng Tagapagmanman ng Estados Unidos na may pagtangkilik ng Mga Lalaking Tagapagmanman ng Pilipinas. Pagkaraan nito, bumalik siya sa Pilipinas upang sanayin ang mga kabataang babae upang maging mga pinunong Tagapagmanmang mga Batang Babae, at pagdakang nagpatuloy sa pagtatatag ng Mga Batang Babaeng Tagapagmanman ng Pilipinas. Noong Mayo 26, 1940, nilagdaan ni Pangulong Manuel L. Quezon ang karta o tsarter ng Mga Batang Babaeng Tagapagmanman ng Pilipinas. Si Escoda ang naging unang Pambansang Tagapagpatupad ng pangkat na ito.
[baguhin] Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig
Noong Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig, nilusbo ng mga puwersang Hapones ang Pilipinas. Hinuli ang asawa ni Escoda noong Hunyo 1944, at inaresto rin siya pagkaraan ng dalawang buwan, noong Agosto 27. Ibinilanggo siya sa Kutang Santiago, sa kulungang pinagkabilangguan din ng kanyang esposong si Koronel Antonio Escoda, na sumailalim sa parusang kamatayan noong 1944, kasama ni Heneral Vicente Lim, na nakulong din sa piling ng koronel. Huling nakita si Josefa Escoda noong Enero 6, 1945. Pagdaka, kinuha siya at ikinulong sa isa sa mga gusali ng Pamantasan ng Dulong Silangan ([[Far Eastern University]] na ginagamit ng mga Hapones. Pinaniniwalaang pinarusahan siya ng kamatayan[1] ng mga Hapones at inilibing sa isang walang tandang libingan sa loob ng Libingan ng La Loma, na ginamit ng mga puwersang Hapones bilang isang paslangan at libingan para sa libu-libong mga Pilipinong lumalaban sa pananatili ng mga Hapones sa Pilipinas.
[baguhin] Pamana
Isang lansangan at isang gusali ang pinangalanan para sa kanya, at isang bantayog ang inilaan para sa kanyang alaala. Inilagay din ang kanyang wangis sa pangkasalukuyang P1,000 salaping papel ng Pilipinas, bilang isa sa tatlong mga Pilipino naging martir sa ilalim ng mga kamay ng mga Sandatahang Lakas ng Hapon.
Pagkaraan makatanggap ng katibayan sa pagkaguro, naging isa siyang manggagawang panlipunan para sa Kabanatang Pampilipinas ng Amerikanong Pulang Krus (isang kolonya ng Estados Unidos ang Pilipinas noong panahong iyon). Binigyan siya ng Pulang Krus ng isang iskolarsip sa Estados Unidos, kung saan nakapagkamit siya ng degring masteral sa Sosyolohiya.
Sa unang paglalakbay niya sa Estados Unidos, habang nasa Pandaigdigang Liga para sa Kapayapaan ng mga Kababaihan (Women's International League for Peace) noong 1925, nakatagpo niya si Antonio Escoda, isang reportero mula sa Tanggapan ng Pagpapahayag ng Pilipinas (Philippine Press Bureau) na pinakasalan niya sa paglaon. Nagkaroon sila ng dalawang mga anak, sina Maria Theresa at Antonio. Noong 1925 din, nakatanggap siya ng Degring Pang-master sa Gawaing Panlipunan mula sa Pamantasan ng Columbia.
[baguhin] Simulain ng Batang Babaeng Tagapagmanman ng Pilipinas
Nagbalik siya sa Estados Unidos noong 1933 upang sumailalim sa pagsasanay kaugnay ng Mga Batang Babaeng Tagapagmanman ng Estados Unidos na may pagtangkilik ng Mga Lalaking Tagapagmanman ng Pilipinas. Pagkaraan nito, bumalik siya sa Pilipinas upang sanayin ang mga kabataang babae upang maging mga pinunong Tagapagmanmang mga Batang Babae, at pagdakang nagpatuloy sa pagtatatag ng Mga Batang Babaeng Tagapagmanman ng Pilipinas. Noong Mayo 26, 1940, nilagdaan ni Pangulong Manuel L. Quezon ang karta o tsarter ng Mga Batang Babaeng Tagapagmanman ng Pilipinas. Si Escoda ang naging unang Pambansang Tagapagpatupad ng pangkat na ito.
[baguhin] Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig
Noong Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig, nilusbo ng mga puwersang Hapones ang Pilipinas. Hinuli ang asawa ni Escoda noong Hunyo 1944, at inaresto rin siya pagkaraan ng dalawang buwan, noong Agosto 27. Ibinilanggo siya sa Kutang Santiago, sa kulungang pinagkabilangguan din ng kanyang esposong si Koronel Antonio Escoda, na sumailalim sa parusang kamatayan noong 1944, kasama ni Heneral Vicente Lim, na nakulong din sa piling ng koronel. Huling nakita si Josefa Escoda noong Enero 6, 1945. Pagdaka, kinuha siya at ikinulong sa isa sa mga gusali ng Pamantasan ng Dulong Silangan ([[Far Eastern University]] na ginagamit ng mga Hapones. Pinaniniwalaang pinarusahan siya ng kamatayan[1] ng mga Hapones at inilibing sa isang walang tandang libingan sa loob ng Libingan ng La Loma, na ginamit ng mga puwersang Hapones bilang isang paslangan at libingan para sa libu-libong mga Pilipinong lumalaban sa pananatili ng mga Hapones sa Pilipinas.
[baguhin] Pamana
Isang lansangan at isang gusali ang pinangalanan para sa kanya, at isang bantayog ang inilaan para sa kanyang alaala. Inilagay din ang kanyang wangis sa pangkasalukuyang P1,000 salaping papel ng Pilipinas, bilang isa sa tatlong mga Pilipino naging martir sa ilalim ng mga kamay ng mga Sandatahang Lakas ng Hapon.
Unang Digmaang Pandaigdi
Pakanan mula itaas: Bambang sa Bunsurang Kanluran; Mark IV tangke habang tumatawid sa isang bambang; pandigmang-barkong HMS Irresistible habang lumulubog matapos makabangga ng mina sa Labanan ng Dardanelles; mga tripulante ng isang masinggang Vickers suot ang kani-kanilang mga gas mask, at mga Alemang eroplanong Albatros D.III
Petsa 28 Hunyo 1914 – 11 Nobyembre 1918 (tigil-putukan)
Tratado ng Versailles nilagdaan noong 28 Hunyo 1919
Pook Europa, Aprika, Gitnang Silangan, Kapuluang Pasipiko, Tsina at sa mga katubigang malapit sa Hilaga at Timog Amerika
Kinalabasan Pagwawagi ng mga Alyadong Puwersa
* Pagwawakas ng mga Imperyong Aleman, Ruso, Austro-Unggaro at Otomano,
* Pagkakatatag ng mga bagong bansa sa Europa at Gitnang Silangan,
* Paglilipat ng mga kolonya ng Imperyong Aleman at paghahati-hati ng mga teritoryo ng Imperyong Otomano sa mga nagwaging bansa, at
* Pagkakatatag ng Liga ng mga Bansa. (marami pang iba...)
Naglalabanan
Mga Alyadong (Magkakasundong) Puwersa
Flag of France Pransiya
Flag of the United Kingdom Imperyong Briton
Flag of Russia Imperyong Ruso (1914–17)
Flag of the United States Estados Unidos
(1917–18)
Flag of Italy Italya (1915–18)
Flag of the Empire of Japan Imperyo ng Hapon
Flag of Belgium Belhika
Flag of Serbia Serbiya
Flag of Kaharian ng Montenegro Montenegro (1914–16)
Flag of Kaharian ng Rumanya Rumanya (1916–18)
Flag of Portugal Portugal (1916–18)
Flag of Kaharian ng Gresya Gresya (1917–18)
Flag of Brazil Brasil (1917–18)
at iba pa...
Mga Puwersang Sentral
Flag of Germany Imperyong Aleman
Flag of Austria Austria-Unggarya
Ottoman flag Imperyong OtomanO
Flag of Bulgaria Bulgarya (1915–1918)
Komandante
Mga pinuno't komandante...
Flag of France Raymond Poincaré
Flag of France Georges Clemenceau
Flag of the United Kingdom H. H. Asquith
Flag of the United Kingdom David Lloyd George
Flag of Russia Nikolas II
Flag of the United States Woodrow Wilson
Flag of Italy Antonio Salandra
Flag of Italy Vittorio Orlando
at iba pa...
Mga pinuno't komandante...
Flag of Germany Wilhelm II
Flag of Austria Franz Jose I
Flag of Austria Carlos I
Ottoman flag İsmail Enver
Flag of Bulgaria Fernando I
at iba pa...
Lakas
Mga Alyadong Puwersa
Flag of Russia 12,000,000
Flag of the United Kingdom 8,841,541
Flag of France 8,660,000
Flag of Italy 5,093,140
Flag of the United States 4,743,826
Flag of Kaharian ng Rumanya 1,234,000
Flag of the Empire of Japan 800,000
Flag of Serbia 707,343
Flag of Belgium 380,000
Flag of Kaharian ng Gresya 250,000
Flag of Portugal 200,000
Flag of Kaharian ng Montenegro 50,000
Kabuuan: 42,959,850
Mga Puwersang Sentral
Flag of Germany 13,250,000
Flag of Austria 7,800,000
Ottoman flag 2,998,321
Flag of Bulgaria 1,200,000
Kabuuan: 25,248,321
Biktima
sa panig ng mga sundalo...
Mga napatay:
5,525,000
Mga nasugatan:
12,831,500
Mga nawawala:
4,121,000
Kabuuan:
22,477,500
...mga karagdagang detalye. sa panig ng mga sundalo...
Mga napatay:
4,386,000
Mga nasugatan:
8,388,000
Mga nawawala:
3,629,000
Kabuuan:
16,403,000
...mga karagdagang detalye.
Ang Unang Digmaang Pandaigdig o Unang Pandaigdigang Digmaan (Inggles:World War I / "WWI" o First World War) ay isang malawakang digmaang pandaigdig na naganap noong mga taong 1914 hanggang 1918. Sangkot sa digmaan ang mga nangungunang bansa ng mundo na noo'y nabibilang sa dalawang magkalabang alyansa: ang mga Alyadong Puwersa at mga Puwersang Sentral. Mahigit sa 70 milyong sundalo ang lumahok sa digmaang ito na pumatay ng tinatayang 9 milyong katao bunga ng mabilisang pag-unlad ng teknolohiya sa pakikibaka. Sa pangkalahatan, ang Unang Digmaang Pandaigdig ang ikalawang pinakamapinsalang digmaan sa kasaysayan.
Naging pangunahing sanhi ng pagsisimula ng digmaan ang pagbaril sa tagapagmana ng trono ng Austria-Unggarya, sa Bosnia na kalaunan ay nauwi sa pagdedelakra ng pakikipaglaban ng mga bansang nasangkot sa digmaan. Kinabibilangan ng Puwersang Entente ang Gran Britanya at ang imperyo nito, Pransiya, Imperyong Ruso, Serbiya, ang Hapon na lumahok noong Agosto 1914, Italya na bumaligtad sa Puwersang Sentral noong Abril 1915 at Estados Unidos noong Abril 1917. Ang Puwersang Sentral sa kabilang banda naman ay binubuo ng Imperyong Aleman, Austria-Unggarya, ang Italya bago ito sumapi sa Pwersang Entente, ang Imperyong Ottoman noong Oktubre 1914 at Bulgarya nang sumunod na taon. Ang ilan namang estado sa Europa gaya ng Olanda, Suwisa, Espanya, Monako at mga estado ng Eskandinabya ay hindi pumanig sa amunang puwersa hanggang sa katapusan ng digmaan.[1][2]
Karamihan sa mga pangunahing sagupaan ng digmaan ay naganap sa Europa. Ilan sa mga lugar na ito ay ang Bunsurang Kanluran (Western Front) na nagsisimula sa Dagat Hilaga na bumabagtas sa kahabaan ng timog Belhika, hilagang Pransya hanggang sa kanlurang Alemanya na sa kahuli-huliha'y nagtatapos sa hilagang Suwisa. Matatagpuan naman sa Rusya at Polonya ang Bunsurang Silangan (Eastern Front), sa hilagang Italya ang Bunsurang Italyano (Italian Front) at ang Bunsurang Masedonyo (Macedonian Front) sa rehiyong Balkan. Sa labas naman ng Europa naganap ang ilan pang mga labanan sa Gitnang Silangan, Aprika, Tsina at Karagatang Pasipiko.[3][4][5][6]
Ang digmaan ay naging sanhi upang bumagsak nang gayon na lamang ang industriya ng mga bansang lumahok dito na nagbunsod sa isang krisis na kung tawagin sa kasaysayan ay ang Matinding Kapanglawan (Great Depression) noong mga taong 1920 hanggang 1930. Nagbunsod din ito sa pagkawasak ng mga imperyo ng Aleman, Austria-Unggaryan, Ruso at Ottoman. Nawalan ng ilang teritoryo ang Alemanya gaya ng Alsace-Lorraine at ng Pasilyong Polonyan. Nahati naman ang imperyo ng Austro-Unggarya sa ilang maliliit na estado gaya ng Tsekoslobakya, ang Austria at Unggarya na mismo samantalang napunta ang Transylvania sa Rumanya, Trieste sa Italya at, Bukovina, Galisya at Silesya sa Polonya. Nakamit naman ng Pinlandiya at ng mga Estadong Baltiko ng Estonya, Latbiya at Litwaniya ang kanilang kalayaan nang magwakas ang Imperyong Rusya na pinalitan ng dating Unyong Sobyet. Pinaghati-hatian naman ng Gran Britanya at Pransya ang mga teritoryo ng Imperyong Ottoman gayundin din ang mga kolonya ng Alemanya sa Aprika at Pasipiko. Pinag-isa ang mga estadong Balkan ng Serbiya, Montenegro, Slovenia, Croatia, Masedonya at Bosnia-Herzegovina na tinaguriang Yugoslabya kasabay ng pagkakatatag ng bansang Turkiya mula sa labi ng bumagsak na kalipato ng Imperyong Otomano.[7][8]
Pakanan mula itaas: Bambang sa Bunsurang Kanluran; Mark IV tangke habang tumatawid sa isang bambang; pandigmang-barkong HMS Irresistible habang lumulubog matapos makabangga ng mina sa Labanan ng Dardanelles; mga tripulante ng isang masinggang Vickers suot ang kani-kanilang mga gas mask, at mga Alemang eroplanong Albatros D.III
Petsa 28 Hunyo 1914 – 11 Nobyembre 1918 (tigil-putukan)
Tratado ng Versailles nilagdaan noong 28 Hunyo 1919
Pook Europa, Aprika, Gitnang Silangan, Kapuluang Pasipiko, Tsina at sa mga katubigang malapit sa Hilaga at Timog Amerika
Kinalabasan Pagwawagi ng mga Alyadong Puwersa
* Pagwawakas ng mga Imperyong Aleman, Ruso, Austro-Unggaro at Otomano,
* Pagkakatatag ng mga bagong bansa sa Europa at Gitnang Silangan,
* Paglilipat ng mga kolonya ng Imperyong Aleman at paghahati-hati ng mga teritoryo ng Imperyong Otomano sa mga nagwaging bansa, at
* Pagkakatatag ng Liga ng mga Bansa. (marami pang iba...)
Naglalabanan
Mga Alyadong (Magkakasundong) Puwersa
Flag of France Pransiya
Flag of the United Kingdom Imperyong Briton
Flag of Russia Imperyong Ruso (1914–17)
Flag of the United States Estados Unidos
(1917–18)
Flag of Italy Italya (1915–18)
Flag of the Empire of Japan Imperyo ng Hapon
Flag of Belgium Belhika
Flag of Serbia Serbiya
Flag of Kaharian ng Montenegro Montenegro (1914–16)
Flag of Kaharian ng Rumanya Rumanya (1916–18)
Flag of Portugal Portugal (1916–18)
Flag of Kaharian ng Gresya Gresya (1917–18)
Flag of Brazil Brasil (1917–18)
at iba pa...
Mga Puwersang Sentral
Flag of Germany Imperyong Aleman
Flag of Austria Austria-Unggarya
Ottoman flag Imperyong OtomanO
Flag of Bulgaria Bulgarya (1915–1918)
Komandante
Mga pinuno't komandante...
Flag of France Raymond Poincaré
Flag of France Georges Clemenceau
Flag of the United Kingdom H. H. Asquith
Flag of the United Kingdom David Lloyd George
Flag of Russia Nikolas II
Flag of the United States Woodrow Wilson
Flag of Italy Antonio Salandra
Flag of Italy Vittorio Orlando
at iba pa...
Mga pinuno't komandante...
Flag of Germany Wilhelm II
Flag of Austria Franz Jose I
Flag of Austria Carlos I
Ottoman flag İsmail Enver
Flag of Bulgaria Fernando I
at iba pa...
Lakas
Mga Alyadong Puwersa
Flag of Russia 12,000,000
Flag of the United Kingdom 8,841,541
Flag of France 8,660,000
Flag of Italy 5,093,140
Flag of the United States 4,743,826
Flag of Kaharian ng Rumanya 1,234,000
Flag of the Empire of Japan 800,000
Flag of Serbia 707,343
Flag of Belgium 380,000
Flag of Kaharian ng Gresya 250,000
Flag of Portugal 200,000
Flag of Kaharian ng Montenegro 50,000
Kabuuan: 42,959,850
Mga Puwersang Sentral
Flag of Germany 13,250,000
Flag of Austria 7,800,000
Ottoman flag 2,998,321
Flag of Bulgaria 1,200,000
Kabuuan: 25,248,321
Biktima
sa panig ng mga sundalo...
Mga napatay:
5,525,000
Mga nasugatan:
12,831,500
Mga nawawala:
4,121,000
Kabuuan:
22,477,500
...mga karagdagang detalye. sa panig ng mga sundalo...
Mga napatay:
4,386,000
Mga nasugatan:
8,388,000
Mga nawawala:
3,629,000
Kabuuan:
16,403,000
...mga karagdagang detalye.
Ang Unang Digmaang Pandaigdig o Unang Pandaigdigang Digmaan (Inggles:World War I / "WWI" o First World War) ay isang malawakang digmaang pandaigdig na naganap noong mga taong 1914 hanggang 1918. Sangkot sa digmaan ang mga nangungunang bansa ng mundo na noo'y nabibilang sa dalawang magkalabang alyansa: ang mga Alyadong Puwersa at mga Puwersang Sentral. Mahigit sa 70 milyong sundalo ang lumahok sa digmaang ito na pumatay ng tinatayang 9 milyong katao bunga ng mabilisang pag-unlad ng teknolohiya sa pakikibaka. Sa pangkalahatan, ang Unang Digmaang Pandaigdig ang ikalawang pinakamapinsalang digmaan sa kasaysayan.
Naging pangunahing sanhi ng pagsisimula ng digmaan ang pagbaril sa tagapagmana ng trono ng Austria-Unggarya, sa Bosnia na kalaunan ay nauwi sa pagdedelakra ng pakikipaglaban ng mga bansang nasangkot sa digmaan. Kinabibilangan ng Puwersang Entente ang Gran Britanya at ang imperyo nito, Pransiya, Imperyong Ruso, Serbiya, ang Hapon na lumahok noong Agosto 1914, Italya na bumaligtad sa Puwersang Sentral noong Abril 1915 at Estados Unidos noong Abril 1917. Ang Puwersang Sentral sa kabilang banda naman ay binubuo ng Imperyong Aleman, Austria-Unggarya, ang Italya bago ito sumapi sa Pwersang Entente, ang Imperyong Ottoman noong Oktubre 1914 at Bulgarya nang sumunod na taon. Ang ilan namang estado sa Europa gaya ng Olanda, Suwisa, Espanya, Monako at mga estado ng Eskandinabya ay hindi pumanig sa amunang puwersa hanggang sa katapusan ng digmaan.[1][2]
Karamihan sa mga pangunahing sagupaan ng digmaan ay naganap sa Europa. Ilan sa mga lugar na ito ay ang Bunsurang Kanluran (Western Front) na nagsisimula sa Dagat Hilaga na bumabagtas sa kahabaan ng timog Belhika, hilagang Pransya hanggang sa kanlurang Alemanya na sa kahuli-huliha'y nagtatapos sa hilagang Suwisa. Matatagpuan naman sa Rusya at Polonya ang Bunsurang Silangan (Eastern Front), sa hilagang Italya ang Bunsurang Italyano (Italian Front) at ang Bunsurang Masedonyo (Macedonian Front) sa rehiyong Balkan. Sa labas naman ng Europa naganap ang ilan pang mga labanan sa Gitnang Silangan, Aprika, Tsina at Karagatang Pasipiko.[3][4][5][6]
Ang digmaan ay naging sanhi upang bumagsak nang gayon na lamang ang industriya ng mga bansang lumahok dito na nagbunsod sa isang krisis na kung tawagin sa kasaysayan ay ang Matinding Kapanglawan (Great Depression) noong mga taong 1920 hanggang 1930. Nagbunsod din ito sa pagkawasak ng mga imperyo ng Aleman, Austria-Unggaryan, Ruso at Ottoman. Nawalan ng ilang teritoryo ang Alemanya gaya ng Alsace-Lorraine at ng Pasilyong Polonyan. Nahati naman ang imperyo ng Austro-Unggarya sa ilang maliliit na estado gaya ng Tsekoslobakya, ang Austria at Unggarya na mismo samantalang napunta ang Transylvania sa Rumanya, Trieste sa Italya at, Bukovina, Galisya at Silesya sa Polonya. Nakamit naman ng Pinlandiya at ng mga Estadong Baltiko ng Estonya, Latbiya at Litwaniya ang kanilang kalayaan nang magwakas ang Imperyong Rusya na pinalitan ng dating Unyong Sobyet. Pinaghati-hatian naman ng Gran Britanya at Pransya ang mga teritoryo ng Imperyong Ottoman gayundin din ang mga kolonya ng Alemanya sa Aprika at Pasipiko. Pinag-isa ang mga estadong Balkan ng Serbiya, Montenegro, Slovenia, Croatia, Masedonya at Bosnia-Herzegovina na tinaguriang Yugoslabya kasabay ng pagkakatatag ng bansang Turkiya mula sa labi ng bumagsak na kalipato ng Imperyong Otomano.[7][8]
modern arts
Question: What is "Modern" Art?
Answer:
Please know that this is a good question. We are contemporary to modern times. No one should be sneered at for not knowing that The Art World has its own separate definitions for each of these terms. In any other instance, the English language pretty much allows for "modern" and "contemporary" to be swapped at will.
As you have doubtless guessed, the single most important thing anyone needs to know about Modern Art is that it's different from Contemporary Art.
A good rule of thumb is:
* Modern Art: Art from the Impressionists (say, around 1880) up until the 1960's or 70's.
* Contemporary Art: Art from the 1960's or 70's up until this very minute.
Here at About Art History, Modern Art starts as the Impressionists were winding down. While this is acceptable, strong arguments can be (and have been) made that Modern Art began at a variety of different dates. Depending on which survey course a person takes, Modern Art is said to have begun with:
* Romanticism, in the early 1800's,
* Realism, in the 1830's,
* Daguerre's announcement, in 1839, that he had invented a method for making a direct positive image,
* The writer Baudelaire who, in 1846, called upon artists to "be of their time",
* The first Impressionist show in 1874 or
* The "-isms" of the 1880's (Tonal-, Symbol-, Post-Impression- and Neo-Impression-)
Which one is right? Well, none of them are "wrong". (Here, it was simply a case of "1880" working out well, for me, in terms of organization.) For simplicity's sake, let's just say that Modern Art began in the 19th-century, and ran through a whole slew of "-isms" up until the end of the 1960's.
Regardless of chosen starting date, the crucial factor is that Modern Art means: "The point at which artists (1) felt free to trust their inner visions, (2) express those visions in their work, (3) use Real Life (social issues and images from modern life) as a source of subject matter and (4) experiment and innovate as often as possible."
Wordy, I know! Art is kind of messy that way. It's often easier to make it, than to try to explain it - and making it can be about as easy as childbirth, some days. But that's Modern Art (and Modern Life) for you. Say, now that you're positive of the meaning, why not go have some fun poking around in all of those delicious "-isms"?
Answer:
Please know that this is a good question. We are contemporary to modern times. No one should be sneered at for not knowing that The Art World has its own separate definitions for each of these terms. In any other instance, the English language pretty much allows for "modern" and "contemporary" to be swapped at will.
As you have doubtless guessed, the single most important thing anyone needs to know about Modern Art is that it's different from Contemporary Art.
A good rule of thumb is:
* Modern Art: Art from the Impressionists (say, around 1880) up until the 1960's or 70's.
* Contemporary Art: Art from the 1960's or 70's up until this very minute.
Here at About Art History, Modern Art starts as the Impressionists were winding down. While this is acceptable, strong arguments can be (and have been) made that Modern Art began at a variety of different dates. Depending on which survey course a person takes, Modern Art is said to have begun with:
* Romanticism, in the early 1800's,
* Realism, in the 1830's,
* Daguerre's announcement, in 1839, that he had invented a method for making a direct positive image,
* The writer Baudelaire who, in 1846, called upon artists to "be of their time",
* The first Impressionist show in 1874 or
* The "-isms" of the 1880's (Tonal-, Symbol-, Post-Impression- and Neo-Impression-)
Which one is right? Well, none of them are "wrong". (Here, it was simply a case of "1880" working out well, for me, in terms of organization.) For simplicity's sake, let's just say that Modern Art began in the 19th-century, and ran through a whole slew of "-isms" up until the end of the 1960's.
Regardless of chosen starting date, the crucial factor is that Modern Art means: "The point at which artists (1) felt free to trust their inner visions, (2) express those visions in their work, (3) use Real Life (social issues and images from modern life) as a source of subject matter and (4) experiment and innovate as often as possible."
Wordy, I know! Art is kind of messy that way. It's often easier to make it, than to try to explain it - and making it can be about as easy as childbirth, some days. But that's Modern Art (and Modern Life) for you. Say, now that you're positive of the meaning, why not go have some fun poking around in all of those delicious "-isms"?
multi tester
1.
What is a multitester: A multitester is a tool that can be use to check resistance, continuity, and voltage in electrical components.
2.
These meters come in digital or analog. Analogs been the cheaper in price and the digitals been the more accurate.
3.
Why do I need a multitester: Most of the washer or dryer switches are seal and you won't be able to see inside, so the only way to know if the contacts are close or open is with a multitester.
4.
How I check resistance or continuity: To check for resistance or continuity you will need to set the multitester to red ohms. You will check for resistance in a heating elements, motor windings, and solenoids. You will check for continuity on switches, thermostats, thermal fuses, house fuses, etc.
5.
How I check for voltage: To check for for voltage you need to set the multitester in to AC volts. My multitester has 3 settings 15 volts, 150 volts, and 1000 volts.
6.
Why I do need different scales: If you are checking an appliance that runs on 120 volts, then you can use the 150 scale. If you are checking an electric dryer that use 240 volts for the heating element, then you need to move the scale to higher that the voltage you are reading, in this case you need to set it to 1000 volts.
7.
Warning: You should know about electrical safety before checking for voltage. Most of the parts you need to check are going to be with the appliance disconnected from the wall outlet, so there is no danger there.
****Free dryer repair videos****
You could watch my videos on how to do this repair for free...
All I ask from you, is that if my videos helped you fix your dryer,
please make a donation of any size you can to help me keep this
website running, so it will be here if you ever need help again.
How to use a
Digital or Analog multitester
To donate by mail sent it to
Angel Acevedo
92 Epworth street
Worcester, MA 01610
Click on the link below for replacement parts
Multimeter - Part #964740 Multimeter - Part #241764
Digital Multimeter
Part #964740 Analog Multimeter
Part #241764
What is a multitester: A multitester is a tool that can be use to check resistance, continuity, and voltage in electrical components.
2.
These meters come in digital or analog. Analogs been the cheaper in price and the digitals been the more accurate.
3.
Why do I need a multitester: Most of the washer or dryer switches are seal and you won't be able to see inside, so the only way to know if the contacts are close or open is with a multitester.
4.
How I check resistance or continuity: To check for resistance or continuity you will need to set the multitester to red ohms. You will check for resistance in a heating elements, motor windings, and solenoids. You will check for continuity on switches, thermostats, thermal fuses, house fuses, etc.
5.
How I check for voltage: To check for for voltage you need to set the multitester in to AC volts. My multitester has 3 settings 15 volts, 150 volts, and 1000 volts.
6.
Why I do need different scales: If you are checking an appliance that runs on 120 volts, then you can use the 150 scale. If you are checking an electric dryer that use 240 volts for the heating element, then you need to move the scale to higher that the voltage you are reading, in this case you need to set it to 1000 volts.
7.
Warning: You should know about electrical safety before checking for voltage. Most of the parts you need to check are going to be with the appliance disconnected from the wall outlet, so there is no danger there.
****Free dryer repair videos****
You could watch my videos on how to do this repair for free...
All I ask from you, is that if my videos helped you fix your dryer,
please make a donation of any size you can to help me keep this
website running, so it will be here if you ever need help again.
How to use a
Digital or Analog multitester
To donate by mail sent it to
Angel Acevedo
92 Epworth street
Worcester, MA 01610
Click on the link below for replacement parts
Multimeter - Part #964740 Multimeter - Part #241764
Digital Multimeter
Part #964740 Analog Multimeter
Part #241764
Sunday, January 16, 2011
letter
APPENDIX B
Laguna State Polytechnic University
Sta Cruz Campus
Sta Cruz Laguna
Dr.Mila E. Isles Date:
Dean,College of Education
LSPU-SCC
Madam,
I,the BEEd third year student,major in Spcial Education of Laguna State Polytechnic University Sta Cruz Campus, Sta Cruz Laguna is presently working research etitled ''Parents Imperative's in the Mainsteaming of their Exceptional Children:An Analysis''
In Line with this study,I would like to have your permission to good us in conducting obsevation to our target
Laguna State Polytechnic University
Sta Cruz Campus
Sta Cruz Laguna
Dr.Mila E. Isles Date:
Dean,College of Education
LSPU-SCC
Madam,
I,the BEEd third year student,major in Spcial Education of Laguna State Polytechnic University Sta Cruz Campus, Sta Cruz Laguna is presently working research etitled ''Parents Imperative's in the Mainsteaming of their Exceptional Children:An Analysis''
In Line with this study,I would like to have your permission to good us in conducting obsevation to our target
Friday, January 14, 2011
chapter 1
CHAPTER I
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction
During the last two decades there has been a strong movement to promote integration and fight segregration or exclusion.The reason being inclusion in various strategies designed to achieve equalization of opportunities.As noted,the idea of inclusive education has emerged as an international issue of responding to pupils experiencing difficulties in school.Mainstreming should be a want of an overall educational strategies and at the present special need education cannot advance in isolation.Exceptional children have a rights to study,to live and treat like a normal child and feel the same of belonginess and that they are accepted to the communities.
''Mainstreaming would be a pointless if we forced instructions to modify the regular education curriculum to the extent that the handicapped child is not required to learn any of the skills normally taught in regular education.The child would be receiving to such an arrangement would be that the child is sitting next to a non handicapped student.''-
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction
During the last two decades there has been a strong movement to promote integration and fight segregration or exclusion.The reason being inclusion in various strategies designed to achieve equalization of opportunities.As noted,the idea of inclusive education has emerged as an international issue of responding to pupils experiencing difficulties in school.Mainstreming should be a want of an overall educational strategies and at the present special need education cannot advance in isolation.Exceptional children have a rights to study,to live and treat like a normal child and feel the same of belonginess and that they are accepted to the communities.
''Mainstreaming would be a pointless if we forced instructions to modify the regular education curriculum to the extent that the handicapped child is not required to learn any of the skills normally taught in regular education.The child would be receiving to such an arrangement would be that the child is sitting next to a non handicapped student.''-
Thursday, January 13, 2011
chapter 3
CHAPTER 3
Research Methodology
This chapter contains the research design population and samplings, the data gathering Instruments, the data gathering Procedures and the data processing.
Research Design
The researchers made use of the descriptive method to determine the answer questions concerning the current status and relation of the respondents.
Population and Sampling
The respondents of the study are about 10 parents who have exceptional children that include in mainstreaming program.
Data Gathering Procedure
The researcher went to the thesis adviser to asked for the permit and communication letter to be sent in the principal of the subject school.
Ten questioners were distributed to the selected respondents in order to determine this experiment. After we completed all the data needed we ise provided in analyzing and interpreting the data, through th help of the statician for statistical treatment.
Research Methodology
This chapter contains the research design population and samplings, the data gathering Instruments, the data gathering Procedures and the data processing.
Research Design
The researchers made use of the descriptive method to determine the answer questions concerning the current status and relation of the respondents.
Population and Sampling
The respondents of the study are about 10 parents who have exceptional children that include in mainstreaming program.
Data Gathering Procedure
The researcher went to the thesis adviser to asked for the permit and communication letter to be sent in the principal of the subject school.
Ten questioners were distributed to the selected respondents in order to determine this experiment. After we completed all the data needed we ise provided in analyzing and interpreting the data, through th help of the statician for statistical treatment.
Wednesday, January 12, 2011
CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT
CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT
Classroom management
-refers to the complex set of plans and actions that the teacher uses to ensure that learning in the classroom is efficient and effective.
-it also involves teaching the students how to manage their own behavior in classroom settings by establishing learning situations that will allow them to this
3 Principles components of classroom management
1.AUTOCRATIC (following beliefs)
*it is their responsibility to plan arrangement of desk and other furniture in the classroom
*it is their responsibility to plan schedules that seldom vary.
*teachers have the knowledge of the subject matter and the responsibility to express it to student through teacher-centered lectures,discussions and assignments.
*the student role in the classroom is simply to obey the rules and comply.
2.LAISSEZ-FEAIR- teachers employing this mode of leading are completely permisive. they appear to be tentative and powerless, anything goes, they make few rules and are not consistent in establishing the consequnces for misbehavior.
3.DEMOCRATIC STYLE- democratic teachers are neither autocratic nor permissive, they are firm and consistently about their expectations regarding students behavior and academic achievement.
-they involve students in stablishing specific rules and consequences for violating rules, ready and willing to listen to the needs,desires and reacions of their students.
2.Classroom Atmosphere
- supportive students and their effort, where all students feel welcome and accepted by the teacher.
*Teachers whose classes are friendly and positive find that their students learn and behavior better than those whoose classes are restrictive and repressive.One way of providing a classroom environment that is friendly and positive is to get to know the student and recognize each as a valuable and unique learner.
Someways to know the student are as follows:
1.classroom sharing during the first week of school.
2.observation of students in the classroom
3.observing the students outside the classroom
4.conversation with student
5.student writing
7.open ended questionaires
8.cumulative record
9.discussion with fellow teachers and guidance
*Classroom should be pleasant place for each student to com to learn and learn in all student, feel welcome in the classroom and accepted as an individual dignity.
''Some specific ways by which a popssitive classroom environment can be created''
*making the classroom an attractive place to be
*faireness and objectivity in dealing with every student in class
*admonishing behavior, not the student
*rewardind positive behavior
*sending positive note home to parent/guardian
*helping students develop their skills in cooperative learning
*rewarding individual successes, no matter how small the accomplishment
*making learning fun, using humor while teaching
*encouraging students to set high but realistic standards for themselves
*using intresting teaching strategies that increase students motivation to learn
*involving students in every aspect of their learning, including the planning of learning activities.
*being an interesting person and an optimistic annd enthusiastic teacher.
3.Classroom Discipline
-is a process of controlling students behavior in classroom.
-steps in preventing inappropriate student behavior and procedure for dealing with appropriate behavior.
-''classroom control'' term use by educators. to mean classroom discipline owning to its association with punishment.
**ELEMENTS
1.Control from with in the learner and from outside factors
2.Understanding of the learner and the learners perceptions of his behavior.
3.Refferal to specialist when necessary
4.Individualized instruction to meet the unique needs of each learner and control strategies
**Types of misbehavior that have to be contented (chrarles 1989)
a.Aggression b.Immorality
c.Defiance of autority d.Class disruptions e.Goofing off
*Teachers behavior that can possible cause of student misbehavior (Emner 1990)
a. nagging
b.assigning extra school work
c.punishing the group
d.use of writing a punishment
e.threats of ultimatums
f.premature judgement and actions
g.inconsistency
h.harsh and humiliating punishment
**Preventing classroom problems:
-before they occur involves anticipation of potential problem, before they occur.
-an orderly classroom does not happen by chance, it is the result of careful and systematic planning.
**Following guidelines can be considered by the teachers in preparing classroom rules (Evertson 1987)
-keep class rules and school rules consistent
-states rules clearly
-provide rationales for rules
-state rules positively
-allow student in put in the rule-making process
**Theoretical Approach in dealing with classroom management problem:
a.Non-interventionist approach- the childs develops from an inner unfolding of potential.
- goal is to enhance the personal growth and freedom
b.Interactionist approach- holds the child develops from interaction of inner and outer forces
c.Interventionist approach- called "behaviorist approach"
Report by:Jenny Rose Mater
ways
10 ways ''Your generous spirit can make a better world''
1.Do say ''Im here to help,put to work'' instead of ''let me know if you need anything''
2.Stay alert lest you mise opportunities to feed hungry people who are always close by.
3.Take comfort food in times of grief and trouble.
4.Always atop to render aid.Always.
5.Never postpone helping somebody who needs it a hug is more important than a job or a chore.
6.Make it times, its the greatest gift you can give.
7.Praise strugglers, encourage doubters, forgive cynics.
8.Share atleast one laugh a day and dont forget to sing.
9.Give time or money or better at both.Even if you think you can't afford it..Even if it hurts maybe because it hurts. (to remind ourselves we can be better than we think we are)
10.Be kindnest to those closest.Start with a part on your own back for doing the best you can,whenever you can,wherever you can, then work outward.
Report by: Jennyrose Mater
Tuesday, January 11, 2011
sped15
Suggested lesson plan in CBSPED
Topic:Familiarization of Friends and Neighbors
I.Objective
1. To know the importance of having a friend and neighbor.
2. To do the play/games and develop socialization.
3. To develop the sportmanship.
II.Reference/Materials
*Picture
*Puppets with different facial expressions
III.Procedure
a.Motivation/Review
-Use the games ''Face to Face games" (SHARADES).
b.Presentation
-Introducing each invited friends and neighbors.
c.Lesson Proper
-They can communicate to friends.
-Discuss the different kinds of greetings and when/where to use each greetings.
IV.Evaluation
Buddy system/Go in front of the group and try to give them/present some short drama using situations.
V.Remarks
Integration of polite expressions.
by:Jenny Rose Mater
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